| Material | serum 0.5 ml (fasting required) |
| Method | HPLC |
| Species list | dog, cat |
| Duration | 2–4 working days |
| Remark | - When breaking down tryptophan, intestinal bacteria form indole, which is metabolised in the liver to indoxyl sulfate.
- Indoxyl sulfate is a uraemic toxin which is physiologically excreted by the kidneys. In renal dysfunction, serum levels increase. Increased indoxyl sulfate levels then lead to further damage of the renal parenchyma, in addition to numerous other damages in the organism, and thus result in the progression of renal dysfunction.
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