{"id":940300,"date":"2022-01-05T14:15:34","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T13:15:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.laboklin.com\/int\/babesia"},"modified":"2025-01-31T19:55:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T18:55:50","slug":"babesia-piroplasmida","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/products\/infectious-diseases-pathogens-and-antibody-detection\/parasites\/babesia-piroplasmida\/","title":{"rendered":"Babesia (Piroplasmida)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Diagnostic spectrum<\/h3>
  • Babesia (Piroplasmida) - PCR<\/a><\/li>
  • Babesia - Antibodies<\/a><\/li>
  • Babesia - Antibodies (c-ELISA horse)<\/a><\/li>
  • Babesia - Antibodies (CFT, horse)<\/a><\/li>
  • Babesia - microscopic<\/a><\/li>
  • Cytauxzoon (Piroplasmida) - PCR<\/a><\/li><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1663085329510{margin-top: 40px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”]* Partner laboratory<\/p>\n

    <\/div><\/h3>\n

    General information<\/h3>\n

    Babesiosis<\/strong><\/b>\u00a0in mammals has become one of the most important parasitic diseases. The pathogens, which belong to the order Piroplasmida, are transmitted by ticks.<\/p>\n

    In\u00a0peracute<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0acute<\/em> infections, non-specific clinical signs such as fever, apathy and loss of appetite appear between the 5th<\/sup>\u00a0and 28th<\/sup>\u00a0day p.\u00a0i. Anaemia, icterus and massive haemoglobinuria occur. A\u00a0chronic<\/em> infection, especially with B. vulpes (= B. microti-like = B. annae), is characterised by fatigue and emaciation of the animals over months, anaemia and intermittent periods of fever.<\/p>\n

    Without treatment, dogs can also develop a\u00a0subclinical form,<\/em> especially when infected with B. canis and B. vogeli, with the blood count being normal again. Many imported dogs from Eastern Europe are subclinically infected wirh B. canis and thus pose a risk of infection for other dogs. In addition, the infection can be reactivated in these dogs by various factors. Cattle and horses can also remain carriers of Babesia for many years.<\/p>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_accordion active_tab=”false” title_size=”normal” style=”2″][vc_accordion_tab title=”Dog”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    Babesia canis<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    B. canis is transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus (ornate dog tick) and is more virulent than B. vogeli. A distinction is made between the French and the Hungarian strain.<\/p>\n

    French strain: Distribution: north and east Mediterranean area, locally in Holland (The Hague, Arnhem) and England, focuses in western Germany (Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg). What is often noticed about the French strain is its low antibody production.<\/p>\n

    Hungarian strain: Distribution: Hungary, Ukraine, Russia (beyond the north of Moscow), Romania, eastern Germany.<\/p>\n

    What is often noticed about the Hungarian strain is its high antibody production. In 80% of the animals, new infections with the Hungarian strain lead to death if untreated.<\/p>\n

    Babesia vogeli<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    Distribution: North Africa, the whole Mediterranean area, Portugal.<\/p>\n

    B. vogeli is transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) and often only leads to low antibody titres.\u00a0<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    Babesia gibsoni<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    Distribution: Asia, USA, Europe (imported)<\/p>\n

    Transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, distribution in Europe is considered questionable. The cases of Babesia gibsoni described for Portugal and Spain were corrected later, partly into the pathogen Theileria annae (now: B. vulpes).<\/p>\n

    Babesia vulpes (formerly Babesia microti-like, B. annae)<\/strong>
    \nDistribution: north west Spain, Central Europa including England
    \nVector unknown, assumed are: Ixodes hexagonus (hedgehog tick), I. ricinus (European castor bean tick), I. canisuga (dog tick) und Dermacentor reticulatus (ornate dog tick).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=”Cat”][vc_column_text css=””]Babesia canis<\/strong>
    \nOccurrence: Thailand, Brazil, France, Poland, Germany
    \nVery rare, only known in combination with other chronic underlying disease.<\/p>\n

    Babesia felis<\/strong>
    \nOccurrence: in parts of Africa<\/p>\n

    Babesia cati<\/strong>
    \nOccurrence: India<\/p>\n

    Cytauxzoon<\/strong>
    \nTaxonomically, Cytauxzoon belongs to the family Theileriidae. This family differs from Babesiidae in the fact that reproduction does not only take place in erythrocytes but also in other tissues. In Cytauxzoon, the erythrocytic stages are preceded by meronts in lymphoid cells. Transmission occurs through the bite of different species of soft ticks. While feline babesiosis is a very rare but well-known disease in Europe, cytauxzoonosis in felids is one of the \u201cemerging diseases\u201d. Cytauxzoon spp. found here differ genetically and pathogenetically from the species Cytauxzoon felis found in America. In recent years, there have been case reports in domestic cats from Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Germany and other countries. In our own analysis of over 600 blood samples from anaemic cats from Germany, no piroplasms were detected by PCR. They therefore seem to play a minor role as causative agent of anaemia in Germany. Morphologically, Babesia and Cytauxzoon cannot be differentiated in blood smears.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=”Horse”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    Babesia caballi and Theileria equi (formerly Babesia equi)<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    Distribution: from the tropics and subtropics to the temperate zones. Ticks are vectors. Equine babesiosis (piroplasmosis) is also expected to occur in Germany.<\/p>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=”Cattle”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    Babesia divergens<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    Distribution:\u00a0<\/strong><\/b>in Europe from Finland down to the Mediterranean<\/p>\n

    Vectors are Ixodes ricinus (European castor bean tick) and Ixodes persulcatus (taiga tick). Babesia divergens is also pathogenic to humans.<\/p>\n

    Babesia major<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    Distribution:\u00a0<\/strong><\/b>Central Europe in small endemic areas.In Germany, only on the North Sea islands Amrum, Norderney and Juist.<\/p>\n

    Haemaphysalis punctata (red sheep tick) is the vector.<\/p>\n

    Babesia bigemina<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

    Distribution:\u00a0<\/strong><\/b>tropics and subtropics; in Europe: the Balkans, coastal areas in the Mediterranean, Portugal.<\/p>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][\/vc_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1663085329510{margin-top: 40px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}”]* Partner laboratory General information Babesiosis\u00a0in mammals has become one of the most important parasitic diseases. The pathogens, which belong to the order Piroplasmida, are transmitted by ticks. In\u00a0peracute\u00a0or\u00a0acute infections, non-specific clinical signs such as fever, apathy and loss of appetite appear between the 5th\u00a0and 28th\u00a0day p.\u00a0i. Anaemia, icterus and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":940000,"menu_order":40,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-940300","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","description-off"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/940300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=940300"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/940300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1525804,"href":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/940300\/revisions\/1525804"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/940000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=940300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}