{"id":1435118,"date":"2019-10-01T13:00:08","date_gmt":"2019-10-01T11:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging-wp-int.laboklin.com\/braf-mutation-in-canine-transitional-cell-and-prostate-carcinoma\/"},"modified":"2024-07-24T12:30:29","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T10:30:29","slug":"braf-mutation-in-canine-transitional-cell-and-prostate-carcinoma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laboklin.com\/ch-it\/braf-mutation-in-canine-transitional-cell-and-prostate-carcinoma\/","title":{"rendered":"BRAF mutation in canine transitional cell and prostate carcinoma"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Transitional cell and prostate carcinoma<\/h2>\n

In dogs, both transitional cell carcinoma (TCC, Fig. 1) and prostate carcinoma (PCa) are highly malignant neoplasms (GRIFFIN et al. 2018). Both types of tumour are often diagnosed<\/strong> rather late<\/strong> (BRYAN et al. 2007; PANTKE 2018). Consequently, prognosis for affected dogs is bad (CORNELL et al. 2000; HENRY 2003). The median survival time<\/strong> is one year for dogs with TCC and 30 days for dogs with PCa (HENRY 2003; CORNELL et al. 2000). The median age of affected dogs is 11 (TCC) and 10 years (PCa) (CORNELL et al. 2000; KNAPP et al. 2000). For a long time, there was no reliable screening test for the presence of TCC, particularly for breeds with increased genetic risk (certain terrier breeds).<\/p>\n

BRAF mutation<\/h2>\n

The presence of BRAF variant V595E, known from human medicine, was studied for the first time on a large number of tumours in dogs by MOCHIZUKI et al. in 2015. In contrast to people, where the mutation occurs mainly in malignant melanoma, ovarian tumours and colorectal carcinoma, in dogs, MOCHIZUKI et al. (2015) most often found the mutation in transitional cell<\/strong> and prostate carcinomas<\/strong>. It is a somatic mutation<\/strong> in the BRAF gene<\/strong> which only occurs in the tumour cells<\/strong>. It is assumed that this mutation leads to tumour development<\/strong> through permanent activation of the MAP kinase pathway.<\/p>\n

BRAF mutation in canine transitional cell carcinoma<\/h2>\n

In 2018, we succeeded in establishing the method for detecting BRAF mutation in TCC in our laboratory (AUPPERLE-LELLBACH et al. 2018). Specificity<\/strong> was 100%<\/strong> as the BRAF mutation could not be detected in any of the dogs with cystitis, urinary bladder polyp or in those without any clinical and pathological signs. Sensitivity<\/strong> of BRAF mutation detection in TCC was 71%.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Possible sample materials:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • tissue (e.g. biopsies)<\/li>\n
  • cytological smears (e.g. FNA)<\/li>\n
  • urine rich in cells (early morning urine)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    In the literature, the test has so far only been described for tissue samples and urine. In our studies, we have also succeeded in establishing<\/strong> it for cytological smears<\/strong> of fine needle aspirates and urinary sediments.<\/p>\n

    Thus, invasive sampling<\/strong> can be avoided<\/strong> by testing spontaneous urine, or there is no<\/strong> repeated invasive sampling<\/strong> necessary<\/strong> in cases of questionable histopathological<\/strong> and cytological diagnoses<\/strong> (poor sample quality, overlapping images of inflammation and neoplasia).<\/p>\n

    A breed predisposition<\/strong> has been described for canine TCC<\/strong> in Scottish, Fox and West Highland White Terrier<\/strong> (FULKERSON und KNAPP 2015). Another study also showed a predisposition for BRAF mutation in different long- and short-legged terriers (AUPPERLE-LELLBACH et al. 2019). It can thus be concluded that detection of BRAF mutation<\/strong> in these terrier breeds is not only highly specific<\/strong> for the presence of TCC, but also very sensitive<\/strong> (Fig. 2) and can be used as a screening test<\/strong> for the presence of TCC.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t